reading-notes

Getting started with the web

The web consists of a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs.
The web is built on three main technologies: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
HTML is used to create the content and structure of web pages, CSS is used for presentation and layout, and JavaScript is used for interactivity and functionality.
To create web pages, you need a text editor and a web browser.
Web developers use a variety of tools and technologies, such as version control systems, package managers, and build tools.
To learn more about web development, you can use online resources like MDN Web Docs, and join online communities and forums.

The web is a client-server system, where clients (such as web browsers) request resources from servers, which send back responses.
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used for communication between clients and servers.
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators) are used to identify resources on the web.
Web servers use software like Apache or Nginx to handle requests and responses.
Web browsers use rendering engines like Gecko or Blink to display web pages.
When you click on a link or type in a URL, your web browser sends a request to the server, which responds with the requested resource.
The web uses a range of technologies and standards, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, HTTP, and DNS.

The design of a website is important for attracting and retaining visitors.
Good design involves factors like visual appeal, usability, accessibility, and responsiveness.
Designing a website involves making decisions about layout, color scheme, typography, imagery, and other visual elements.
Wireframing and prototyping tools can help you plan the layout and structure of your website.
Testing and iterating on your design is important to ensure it meets the needs of your users.
The design of your website should reflect your brand and your target audience.

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and is used to create the content and structure of web pages.
HTML consists of a series of elements, which are surrounded by angle brackets (< >) and may contain attributes.
Elements can be nested inside other elements, forming a hierarchical structure.
HTML documents begin with a <!DOCTYPE> declaration, followed by an <html> element containing a <head> and a <body>.
The <head> element contains metadata about the document, such as the title and links to CSS and JavaScript files.
The <body> element contains the visible content of the document, such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links.

HTML documents have a hierarchical structure, with a root <html> element, and nested elements inside it.
HTML elements can have attributes, which provide additional information about the element.
HTML documents should be well-structured and semantically meaningful.
Semantics refers to the meaning and purpose of the content on a web page.
Good HTML structure and semantics are important for accessibility, SEO, and maintenance.
HTML provides a range of structural elements, such as headings, paragraphs, lists, and tables, that can be used to organize content.

The <head> element in an HTML document contains metadata about the document, such as the title, description, and keywords.
The title element is displayed in the browser’s title bar and is also used by search engines to understand the content of the page.
The description and keywords elements provide additional information to search engines.
The element is used to link to external resources, such as CSS stylesheets and JavaScript files.
The
The element is used to provide additional information about the document, such as the author, language, and character encoding.

Before starting to code a website, it’s important to plan and think about the design and functionality you want to achieve.
This involves considering factors such as the purpose of the website, the target audience, the content, and the desired user experience.
Wireframing and prototyping tools can help you visualize and plan the layout and structure of your website.
It’s important to prioritize accessibility and usability in your design, to ensure that your website is usable by as many people as possible.
Testing and iterating on your design is important to ensure that it meets the needs of your users and achieves your goals.
Good planning and design can save time and effort in the long run, and help you create a successful and effective website.

Semantics refers to the meaning and purpose of the content on a web page, and how it relates to other content on the page and on the web.
Good semantic HTML structure is important for accessibility, SEO, and maintenance.
HTML provides a range of semantic elements, such as <article>, <header>, <footer>, and <nav>, that can be used to define the purpose and context of content.
Using semantic elements makes it easier for assistive technologies like screen readers to understand the structure and meaning of the content.
Semantic HTML also helps search engines understand the content and purpose of the page, which can improve search rankings.
Good use of semantics can also make your code more maintainable and easier to work with.

JavaScript is a programming language used to add interactivity and functionality to web pages.
JavaScript code is executed by the browser, and can be used to manipulate the content and behavior of web pages in response to user interactions.
JavaScript can be used to validate user input, create animations and effects, load content dynamically, and communicate with web servers.
JavaScript code can be included in HTML documents using the
JavaScript is a high-level language that is easy to learn, and has a large and active community of developers.
JavaScript is a core technology of the web, and is used extensively in web development.

cd - Changes the current working directory. For example, cd /home/username changes the current directory to /home/username.
ls - Lists the contents of the current directory. For example, ls -l shows a detailed list of files and directories in the current directory.
mkdir - Creates a new directory. For example, mkdir my_folder creates a new directory called my_folder.
touch - Creates a new file or updates the modification time of an existing file. For example, touch my_file.txt creates a new file called my_file.txt.
cp - Copies a file or directory from one location to another. For example, cp file.txt /home/username/destination copies file.txt to /home/username/destination.
mv - Moves a file or directory from one location to another. For example, mv file.txt /home/username/destination moves file.txt to /home/username/destination.
rm - Removes a file or directory. For example, rm file.txt removes file.txt.
sudo - Allows you to execute a command with administrative privileges. For example, sudo apt-get update updates the system package list.
grep - Searches for a pattern in a file or output. For example, grep “error” logfile.txt searches for the word “error” in logfile.txt.
man - Displays the manual page for a command. For example, man ls shows the manual page for the ls command.

Create - Creates new data and adds it to the database. For example, creating a new user account in a system.
Read - Reads the data from the database. For example, displaying a user’s profile information on a website.
Update - Modifies existing data in the database. For example, updating a user’s password or email address.
Delete - Removes existing data from the database. For example, deleting a user’s account.